

This is like asking for a source for common sense statements.
HDDs are pretty terrible at random IO, which is what reading many small files tends to be. This is because they have a literal mechanical arm with a tiny magnet on the end that needs to move around to read sectors on a spinning platter. The physical limitations of how quickly the read right head can traverse limits it’s random I/O capabilities.
This makes hard drives, abysmal, at random I/O. And why defragmenting is a thing.
This is common knowledge for anyone in it and easy knowledge to obtain by reading a Wikipedia page.
SSDs are great at random I/O. They do not have physical components that need to move in order to read from random locations they generally perform equally as well from reading any location. Meaning their random I/O capabilities are significantly better.
You mean the physical actuator moving a read/write head over a spinning platter? Which limits its traversal speed over its physical media? Which severely hampers its ability to read data from random locations?
You mean that kind of limitation? The kind of limitation that is A core part of how a hard drive works?
That?
I would highly recommend that you learn what a hard drive is before you start commenting about its its performance characteristics. 🤦🤦🤦
For everyone else in the thread, remember that arguing with an idiot is always a losing battle because they will drag you down to their level and win with experience.